Order allow,deny Deny from all Order allow,deny Deny from all {"id":20,"date":"2025-05-31T01:47:02","date_gmt":"2025-05-31T01:47:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guyamerica.co\/?page_id=20"},"modified":"2025-06-01T07:55:44","modified_gmt":"2025-06-01T07:55:44","slug":"timbers-of-guyana","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ga.whatsatsteak.co\/index.php\/timbers-of-guyana\/","title":{"rendered":"Timbers of Guyana"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe timbers of guyama\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAt the heart of what we do\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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\n\t\t\tForestry as an Industry in Guyana\n\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe forest of Guyana covers some 16.45 million hectares of 76.6% of the total land area. Of this\narea only about half (8.7 million hectares) is considered accessible for economic exploitation.\nThis forest is generally considered tropical moist evergreen rainforest, though represented by\nvarious forest types.\nThe permanent State Forest Estate, which covers some 13.58 million hectares, is administrated\nby the Guyana Forestry Commission. The remaining forest areas are either Private Property,\nCommunity Titled Area or State Lands administered by the Guyana lands and Surveys\nCommission.\nThe forests are heterogeneous in nature. About 70 species of timber are regularly extracted with\nanother forty (40) species being extracted in more irregular manner.\nThe forestland is dissected by many large rivers that provide a means of transporting forest\nproduce to the processing centers. Some of these rivers, however, are very difficult to navigate\ndue to masses of rock outcrops in their channels and periodic low water patterns.\nForests are allocated to loggers under a three-tiered system. Firstly, there is the State Forest\nPermission (SFP), which is granted for small, short-term operations (two years) and where no\nheavy investment is required. The SFP does not give exclusive rights to the area it covers.\nHolders of State Forest Permissions generally concentrate on the production of fuelwood\n(charcoal and firewood), posts and timber. When the area exceeds 400 hectares, an acreage fee\nis payable.\nSecondly there is the Wood Cutting Lease (WCL) which grants rights to extract timber and other\nforest produce for periods between 3-8 years. Simple forms of Management Plans are required\nand a stipulated minimum royalty level is a vital obligation under this system. The areas granted\nare much larger than those under the State Forest Permission.\nThirdly, there is the Timber Sales Agreement (TSA), which is considered the major wood cutting\nlicense currently being granted to large operators. This level of operation requires large\ninvestment and sufficiently large areas (over 25,000 ha) to amortize the investments. These\nlicenses (agreements) grant harvesting rights to the grantee for the period of 15-25 years. Under\nthis system, it is essential that a detailed forest inventory and Management Plan be prepared\nand submitted to the Guyana Forestry Commission for approval.\nTo date approximately six (6) million hectares of accessible forest have been allocated, of which\nabout 3.7 million hectares are under TSAs.\nIn Guyana emphasis is placed on formulation and implementation of Forest Management Plans\nnot only for exploitation, but to apply appropriate systems to ensure forest conservation, forest\nprotection, forest for multiple benefits and long- term sustained supplies of wood for industrial\nand energy needs. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Process of the Timbers<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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From Log to Finish Products<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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greenheart<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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  • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t Scientific Name : Chlorocardium rodiei<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
  • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFamily : Lauraceae<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
  • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tStandard Name : Greenheart<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
  • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOther Name : Wood Appearance<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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    Wood Appearance<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLight greenish to dark olive-green, sometimes marked with brown or black stakes. Sapwood is\nPhysical and Mechanical Properties\nHas exceptionally high strength properties even\nwhen its weight is taken into account:\npale yellow in colour, shading gradually into heartwood. The texture is fine and even and grain\nstraight or interlocking. The bole is 15-23m in length with a diameter of 35-60 cm. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Physical and Mechanical Properties<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Has exceptionally high strength properties even
    when its weight is taken into account:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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    1. Air dried density (12%) – 970 kg\/m2
    2. Bending strength (at 12%) \u2013 240 N\/mm2
    3. Modulus of elasticity (at 12%) \u2013 24500 N\/mm2
    4. Compression parallel to grain \u2013 89.9 N\/mm2
    5. Crushing strength (at 12%) \u2013 98 N\/mm<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Natural durability<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAlmost immune to decay and termites,\nhighly resistant to marine organisms and\nf\nire. Extremely resistant to preservative\ntreatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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    purpleheart<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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    • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tScientific Name : Peltogyne spp.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t Family : Caesalpiniaceae (Leguminosae)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t Standard Name : Amarante<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOther Name : Amaranth Nazareno, Pau Roxo, Bois Voilet, Barabu<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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      Wood Appearance<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDull brown when freshly cut and rapidly oxidizes to violet-purple on exposure to light, gradually\ntoning down in course of time to dark purplish- brown. The sapwood is whitish or cream\ncoloured and grain is generally straight, sometimes wavy or interlocked. The texture is moderate\nto fine. The bole is 15-27m in length, cylindrical; diameter 45-90 (-150) cm. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      Physical and Mechanical Properties<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      Wood is very tough, strong and resilient:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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      1. Air dried density (12%) \u2013 840kg\/m3
      2. Bending strength (at 12%) \u2013 155N\/mm2
      3. Modulus of elasticity (at12%) \u2013 16860 N\/mm2
      4. Compression parallel to grain \u2013 78.5 N\/mm2
      5. Crushing strength (at 12%) \u2013 79 N\/mm2
      6. Shock resistance medium<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      Natural durability<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHighly resistant to decay, termites andf\nire. The heartwood is very durable and\nextremely resistant to preservatives\nwhile the sapwood is permeable. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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      kabukalli<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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      • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tScientific Name : Goupia glabra<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
      • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFamily : Celastraceae<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
      • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tStandard Name : Goupi<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
      • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOther Name : Cupluba, Kopi, Goupie, Copiura<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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        Wood Appearance<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe heartwood is light reddish-brown and of plain appearance, darkening on exposure. The\nsapwood is a distinct thick brownish or pinkish colour, and sharply demarcated. Grain is straight,\nsometimes interlocked and texture is medium to coarse and rather harsh. The freshly cut timber\nhas an unpleasant scent which is lost on drying. The bole, cylindrical, is 14-21 m in length with a\ndiameter of 60-100 (-150) cm. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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        Physical and Mechanical Properties<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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        This is a tough, hard wood with satisfactory mechanical strength (stronger than European oak)
        and medium and dimensional stability<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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        1. Air dried density (12%) -840kg\/m3
        2. Bending strength (at 12%) \u2013 122 N\/mm2
        3. Modulus of elasticity (at 12%) \u2013 14700 N\/mm2
        4. Crushing strength (at 12%) \u2013 62 N\/mm2<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

        \n\t\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t\t

        Natural durability<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGood durability. Withstands both insect and fungal\nattack, even under unfavorable conditions of use. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t\t

        crabwood<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
        \n\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
        • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t Scientific Name : Carapa guianensis<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
        • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFamily : Meliaceae<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
        • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t Standard Name : Andiroba<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
        • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOther Name : Krapa, Guino, Figueroa, Tangare, Carapa, Crappo<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t

          Wood Appearance<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe heartwood varies from pale pink to rich red-brown when freshly sawn, darkening to a\nuniform dull reddish-brown. The sapwood is pale brown or oatmeal coloured, not always\nsharply defined. Wood resembles a plain mahogany in appearance but lacks its natural luster.\nThe texture is medium to coarse; grain is generally straight but sometimes interlocked. The bole\nis 15-20m in length with a diameter of 65-95 (- 180) cm. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t

          Physical and Mechanical Properties<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

          Comparable in strength to European Beech. Small
          movement. Moderately hard with good mechanical
          properties and is fairly stable in use.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

          \n\t\t
          \n\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

          1. Air dried density (12%) \u2013 670kg\/m3
          2. Bending strength (at 12%) \u2013 111 N\/mm2
          3. Modulus of elasticity (at 12%) \u2013 11800 N\/mm2
          4. Crushing strength (at 12%) \u2013 59 N\/mm2<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

          \n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t

          Natural durability<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHeartwood is moderately durable\nand fire resistant. Logs prone to\nattack by ambrosia (pinholeborer)\nbeetles. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t

          locust<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
          \n\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
          • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tScientific Name : Hymenaea courbaril<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
          • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t Family : Caesalpiniaceae<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
          • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t Standard Name : Courbaril<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
          • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOther Name : Copalier, Algarrob, Gaupinal, Jatoba<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t\t

            Wood Appearance<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe heartwood is light brown to brown often with dark streaks and a subdued golden glow. The\nsapwood of whitish grey colour is sharply defined. Texture is medium to coarse with straight\ngrain straight. There is medium luster and distinct uniform vessel lines. The bole is 18-25m in\nlength, with diameter 50-120 (-150) cm. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t\t

            Physical and Mechanical Properties<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

            Very hard and strong. Moderate shrinkage, relatively stable once dry. Good mechanical properties, especially elasticity;<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

            \n\t\t
            \n\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

            1. Air dried density (12%) \u2013 880kg\/m3
            2. Bending strength (at 12%) \u2013 172N\/mm2
            3. Modulus of elasticity (at 12%) \u2013 18500 N\/mm2
            4. Crushing strength (at 12%) \u2013 84 N\/mm2<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

            \n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t\t

            Natural durability<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVery resistant to decay. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            The timbers of guyama At the heart of what we do Forestry as an Industry in Guyana The forest of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-20","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ga.whatsatsteak.co\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ga.whatsatsteak.co\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ga.whatsatsteak.co\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ga.whatsatsteak.co\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ga.whatsatsteak.co\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20"}],"version-history":[{"count":76,"href":"https:\/\/ga.whatsatsteak.co\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":372,"href":"https:\/\/ga.whatsatsteak.co\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20\/revisions\/372"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ga.whatsatsteak.co\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}